n.bruscia

067 // AA | FAB Designing Fabrication exhibition opens

2009-09-22T12:29:00.005-04:00

Village Underground
54 Hollywell Lane
Shoreditch

Tuesday 22 September - Friday 25 September: 12:00 - 8:00 pm
Saturday 26 September: 12:00 - 5:00 pm

002 // original proposal for independant study

2006-09-19T16:29:00.001-04:00

my submission to the department concerning current interests
and a course of action for the semester....

Department of Architecture
School of Architecture and Planning
ARC 499/599 Proposal for Independent Study

Project Title: Thesis Research
Purpose: To develop ideas, acquire knowledge, and formulate a preliminary thesis abstract while fulfilling a required graduate elective within the Department of Architecture.
Subject Matter: Some recent work done last semester within the context of a design studio and an elective where conceptual ideas and processes were meshed together will be the starting point of the research done in the course. During this time I became interested in proposing a new architectural aperture that brings together people physically, as they connect with people virtually through the use of the Internet. By also proposing that a virtual city exists not somewhere, but somehow, and by only allowing one to enter by physically existing in a place other than one’s home, an opportunity arises to merge now underused public urban spaces with the use of virtual / digital environments, possibly resulting in the design of a new building typology. The more prominent themes of study include psychogeography and Situationist mappings of the city, human interactions based on current Web 2.0 applications, the New Babylon project done by Dutch artist Constant Nieuwenhuys, digital methods of designing and fabricating built spaces, and the current use and history of the projector in the form of the Telemural.
Methodology: Course objectives will be to further develop a bibliography by sorting through and reading numerous texts that fall within specific categories related to interests regarding preliminary thesis ideas and concepts. Other important elements of the course include a survey of sites, to begin to describe the process and program of design, and to develop a working prototype(s) of the dual projection system studied last semester to investigate the feasibility of conceptual ideas in built form.
Resources: Current resources will include but are not limited to: The Activist Drawing: Retracing Situationist Architectures from Constant's New Babylon to Beyond; Catherine deZegher and Mark Wigley, Constant’s New Babylon; Mark Wigley, selected writings from Mutations; Rem Koolhaas, Stefano Boeri, Sanford Kwinter, and Nadia Tazi, various writings and projects by Judith Donath from the Sociable Media Group at MIT, The Situationist City; Simon Sadler, Free Culture; Lawrence Lessig, Digital Ground; Malcolm McCullough, as well as selected writings from Jürgen Habermas and Alexander Kluge.

032 // current research .... responsive molds

2007-09-23T21:55:00.002-04:00

For the next year or so ... and perhaps beyond I'll be engaged in a personal research project (taking the form of a thesis between the departments of Architecture and Media Study at the University of Buffalo) in Transitive Materials.

The idea: To integrate and utilize physical computing strategies and embedded technology into the analog process of design. The project seeks to develop heat sensitive rubber molds, each networked and reconfigurable. As heat is developed during the casting process, it is used as input into a system that tracks its intensity over time, thus variably changing the molds in sequence. Different materials - different heat values - different outcome. The final output is specific to the sequence of pours causing patterns to shift within the system. The embedded circuitry does not interface with the human, nor is it integrated into the final product - instead it plays an integral role in the fabrication of the material as it senses a unique property of the material itself.

The initial brainstorm ... we'll see how it changes by May of 08.

::::::::::::: abstract V. 02 :::::::::::::

The introduction of computational technologies to architectural discourse has become a catalyst for re-thinking the performance of built space. The use of embedded technology has given designers the opportunity to produce a space that can sense and respond directly to its environment or inhabitants. Embedded circuitry and robotic technology moves away from screen based virtual environments that are built in software packages and into full-scale construction as part of their design phase. Drawings produced are non-representational. Schematics and working drawings are part and parcel to the conception of the design. The need to work with full scale prototypes propels this work from the computer screen with no spatial consequence into a realm of immediate actuality. A problem arises however, when the prototype moves into its final iteration. The final piece of work cannot usually be expanded upon, nor can it offer the opportunity for reproduction on a larger scale. The direct use of technology within these works keeps them specific, custom and expensive. While they foster a unique experience as an installation within a space, they are rarely used to physically create a space. The move from Mayline to mouse was the beginning of the shift in architectural practice from the trace of the hand to the architect as the creator of the representational image. As more architectural practices design entire buildings upon a vast scale-less virtual plane, and as economy continues to focus on the bottom line, the architect is increasingly removed from literally having a hand in the physical manifestation of concepts and ideas. Addressing the issue of the limited full-scale prototype may help to bring about a new array of architectural materials to the field, putting them directly into the hands of the designer.

This thesis proposes a shift in the location of technology as it is used in full-scale prototyping. I'd like to address the issue stated above by moving their influence to the analog construction of the artifact. The thesis will place a focus on, but will not limit its scope to, reconfigurable molds for the production of responsive materials. It is within these molds where the technology is embedded. One mold may produce hundreds of unique casts, each specific to an event. The event is sensed, the mold is changed, and the result is emergent as the pieces are assembled. By re-placing the role of technology, the issue of scale, use of technology in architecture, and use of kinetics is addressed. What is designed is the mediator between the computer and the person, and what is produced is an architecture bearing the consequence

(research) 033 // Continua

2007-09-26T15:00:00.001-04:00

Erwin Hauer

from the website....
... an Australian born sculptor, began in the 50's exploring infinite continuous surfaces. From these, perforated modular structures developed that lent themselves to architectural usage. He continued to develop these patented designs along with the technology to produce them, and installed the modular, light diffusing walls in buildings throughout the US and seven other countries. These designs are listed in Domus 1928-1999 among the quintessential works of modernism.

034 // reconfigurable rubber mold

2007-09-26T21:26:00.001-04:00

.... a recent study in order to discover some of the characteristics and behavior of rubber when used as a reconfigurable mold

- Eco Flex 30 (smooth - on) was used - the results were great flexibility, but the rubber itself was not resilient enough to withstand the material (plastic) poured into it causing it to bow at the sides ....
- the cross section thickness of the mold at the bow point was approx. 3/8"
- also noted: the mold has a tendency to collapse in on itself if the deflection was not a smooth curve, or a bit too extreme

The mold was designed to produce an identical unit with three specific degrees of deflection. When assembled, orthogonal seams where the units would connect vertically were generated, structuring the deviations in the system as the units expanded the surface.

(research) 035 // "cell" | aggregate

2007-09-26T22:23:00.001-04:00

a recent project that has utilized some form of computational technology in conjunction with the casting process....

aggregate | scripted by purpose
f-u-r

link

"For an exhibition in Philadelphia a team of architects, structural engineers and material scientists developed a prototype for animated concrete. The piece senses, computes, and interacts with the environment and visitors. It points towards the potential of embedded sensing and processing meta materials. The body of aggregate is cast in UHP concrete embedding networked electronic components. UHPC and electronic components form one aggregate which performs as an prototype for material embedded sensing, - computation, and display system."

036 // Temp Sensor development 1

2007-09-27T00:15:00.002-04:00

testing of the temp sensor circuit with various hardware ...
interfacing with Arduino and Python .....

a Python script is used to evaluate the heat gain under a real time statistics evaluation that tests the standard deviation of values over time.

10 k thermistor
Dallas Semiconductor DS18S20
Dallas Semiconductor DS18B20

(research) 037 // nitinol at a large scale

2007-09-27T14:20:00.002-04:00

nitinol in engineering ....

Continuum Dynamics Inc. has been working on the analysis, design and fabrication of smart materials and devices for engineering applications. Principally, they’ve been focusing on shape memory alloys (SMA's) and how they might be utilized in aerospace and hydrodynamic engineering. Their solutions include tunable rotor blades for aircraft and smart ducts for submarines.
nanoarchitecture.net

nitinol in a full scale architectural mock-up....

Full scale physical mock-ups show the potential for considerable motion and distortion, capitalizing on the inherent torquing present in a lightweight cantilevered assembly. Larger diameter nitinol wires serve as the sole propulsion source in these trials.

Urbana

038 // Generator X 2.0 :: Beyond the Screen and Media City

2007-12-03T14:11:00.001-05:00

update on the research coming soon: in the meantime - a couple of conferences / workshops coming up in January - media city in Weimar and Generator X in Berlin ....
I'll be attending Media City .... would love to check out generator x - perhaps I'll extend my return date....

Media City Conference 2008
Situations, Practices and Encounters
links: [][][][]
[][][][][][][]

The conference will investigate how the social settings and spaces of the city are created, experienced and practiced through the use and presence of new media. We will take the position that new media enables different settings, practices and behaviours to occur in urban space. These media create opportunities for diverse forms of connections between people and spaces and enable and create flows; of information, of communication and of knowledge.

The conference will consist of three sessions and a workshop, which will explore these themes in a focussed way. We invite papers for the conference and less formal presentations on practices for the workshop session from academics, practitioners, activists close to disciplines such as media studies, architecture, urban studies, cultural and urban geography and sociology – using in innovative ways and reflecting critically on processes, methods and impacts of public participation and technologies in urban realm, within their theoretical and practical research, teaching, or activism roles.

::::::::::

Generator X 2.0 :: Beyond the Screen
link: [][][][][][]

Digital fabrication (also known as “fabbing”) represents the next step in the digital revolution. After years of virtualization, with machines and atoms being replaced by bits and software, we are coming full circle. Digital technologies like rapid prototyping, laser cutting and CNC milling now produce atoms from bits, eliminating many of the limitations of industrial production processes. Once prohibitively expensive, such technologies are becoming increasingly accessible, pointing to a future where mass customization and manufacturing-on-demand may be real alternatives to mass production.

For artists and designers working with generative systems, digital fabrication opens the door to a range of new expressions beyond the limits of virtual space. Parametric models apply computational strategies to the analysis and synthesis of space, producing structures and surfaces of great complexity. Through fabbing these forms may be rendered tangible, even tactile.
"Beyond the screen" explores these new types of spatial constructs in a hands-on workshop, bringing together artists and designers working with code-based strategies for producing physical form. The workshop will feature public presentations bringing the topics of the workshop to a broader audience, culminating in an exhibition of fabbing works at the [DAM] gallery. In a continuation of the Generator.x concert tour, "Beyond the Screen" will also include an evening of concerts, showing the use of generative systems in audiovisual performance.

039 // Situated Technologies Pamphlet Series launch

2007-12-04T13:06:00.003-05:00

Situated Technologies Pamphlet Series Launch, The Urban Center, New York

Friday, December 14, 2007
7:00 p.m.
The Urban Center
457 Madison Avenue
New York City

from andinc.org ....

This fall the Architectural League of New York launches a nine-part publication series to be published over the next three years. Born out of the three-day symposium, organized by Omar Khan, Trebor Scholz and Mark Shepard, and presented by the League, the Center for Virtual Architecture, and the Institute for Distributed Creativity

in October 2006, the Situated Technologies Pamphlet series explores the implications of ubiquitous computing for architecture and urbanism: How is our experience of the city and the choices we make in it affected by mobile communications, pervasive media, embedded computing, ambient informatics, and other "situated" technologies? How will the ability to design increasingly responsive environments alter the way architects conceive of space? What do architects need to know about urban computing and what do technologists need to know about cities? How are these issues themselves situated within larger social, cultural, environmental and political concerns?

Adam Greenfield and myself [ Mark Shepard ], co-authors of Situated Technologies Pamphlet 1: Urban Computing and Its Discontents, together with Eric Paulos, director of the Urban Atmospheres group at Intel Research will consider these and other questions at a panel discussion and reception celebrating the launch of the series, to be held on Friday, December 14 at 7pm at The Urban Center, 457 Madison Avenue, New York City.

040 // unit and connection / mold structure and system organization

2008-01-04T21:19:00.003-05:00

.... the initial attempts to design a highly variable system of units, each one functioning as a mold. as a series of the 'legs' begin to shift and deform from their center points, a method of casting is produced and a generative system is formed as the units are later re-assembled ....

....different types of connection details were studied within similar unit morphologies - the possibility for connections to be a separate structure, both rigid and flexible, is a future design consideration that could greatly affect the performance of the system....

041 // cellular automata study

2008-01-05T18:14:00.002-05:00

The Game of Life is a cellular autonomon devised by British mathmetician John Horton Conway in 1970. The "game" is actually a zero player game , meaning that it's evolution is determined by its initial state, needing no input from human players. One interacts with the game by creating an initial configuration and seeing how it evolves. A variant exists where two players compete.

Rules:

The universe of the Game of Life is an infinite two-dimensional orthogonal grid of square cells, each of which is in one of two possible states, live or dead. Every cell interacts with its eight neighbours, which are the cells that are directly horizontally, vertically, or diagonally adjacent. At each step in time, the following transitions occur:

Any live cell with fewer than two live neighbours dies, as if by loneliness.
Any live cell with more than three live neighbours dies, as if by overcrowding.
Any live cell with two or three live neighbours lives, unchanged, to the next generation.
Any dead cell with exactly three live neighbours comes to life.

The initial pattern constitutes the 'seed' of the system. The first generation is created by applying the above rules simultaneously to every cell in the seed—births and deaths happen simultaneously, and the discrete moment at which this happens is sometimes called a tick. (In other words, each generation is a pure function of the one before.) The rules continue to be applied repeatedly to create further generations.

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

The CA results of the first 8 generations were applied to the TRI system to determine unit connection, orientation, and layer structure and layer propagation.

042 // mold prototyping

2008-01-06T17:19:00.002-05:00

.... a couple prototypes of two unit styles, TRI and QUI - the silicone based rubber has a shore hardness of 30 making it quite flexible for variation within the finished unit while maintaining enough integrity to perform as a mold for plastic pours....

043 // multi-layerd skin / membrane

2008-01-06T17:49:00.001-05:00

.....the system as a whole was studied to help determine how the sequence of molds might perform .... variation on the unit has a global effect.

from top: layer breakdown / unit connection, layer propagation / layer connection diagrams
below: scaled prototype cut from 1/32" airplane plywood testing the possibilities of expansion between the multiple layers of the system, layer connection density / unit density diagrams

044 // data to pygene, pygene to rhinoscript

2008-01-06T18:59:00.002-05:00

I've begun developing a connection between real time sensor data, Python's genetic algorithm module, PyGene, and RhinoScript.....

1. Currently a temperature sensor feeds changing values (Python) over time into a microcontroller (arduino) which looks for a specific range under a certain time frame.

2. When a specific value is achieved the sensor stops for a moment, allowing the current temp. values to influence the intial parameters within the genetic algorithm (initial population, mutation rates, fitness function, etc... )

3. The generative results of the genetic algorithm as it runs are printed to a .txt, which is read by RhinoScript - that then creates a sequence of points or a point cloud which could then be further enacted upon within the 3D modeling environment.

045 // generator.x 2.0 workshop (1)

2008-01-29T04:38:00.003-05:00

first images from some recent work done within the Generator X 2.0 workshop in Berlin until Feb 2nd....
blog
art from code

I began thinking about the possibility to lasercut silicone or latex based rubber sheets in order to create generative inflatable structures. One would design the seams to be stitched, and then pump air into the finished piece allowing it to organically find it's form from air pressure.
Another consideration was the possibility to cut several layers of the rubber at once, allowing the heat from the laser to melt the layers together as it cut the form providing a finished piece right out of the machine .....

some quick Processing sketches being implemented to develop the sac-like formations, originally designed to receive air pressure and expand ....

Our tests with latex did not fair too well and time on the workshop is beginning to run out ... so we are now looking at ways to produce similar forms out of different materials that find their form from gravity, or to investigate how the curves of the 2D images are translated directly into digital fabrication and reconnected at the interference points. The type of exploration would destroy the perspective set up in the image, and produce a different structure when built physically.

046 // generator.x 2.0 workshop (2) dandelin spiral

2008-02-05T10:20:00.007-05:00

from wikipedia:
In geometry, a nondegenerate conic section formed by a plane intersecting a cone has one or two Dandelin spheres characterized thus: each Dandelin sphere touches, but does not cross, both the plane and the cone.
The concept is named in honor of Germinal Pierre Dandelin.
Each conic section has one Dandelin sphere for each focus.
-- an ellipse has two Dandelin Spheres, both touching the same nappe of the cone.
-- a hyperobola has two Dandelin spheres, touching opposite nappes of the cone.
-- a parabola has just one Dandelin sphere.
The final piece for the workshop focused on deconstructing the 2 dimensional image of rotated sequential ellipses. The composed image implies a perspective, where the ellipse is transformed to be very thin, it seems as if the ellipse has just turned to the side, making the geometry produced appear like a bent tube like structure.
These ellipses were then expanded apart from one another, allowing them to be lasercut. When re-assembled physically, a entirely different structure emerges.

The curvature for each ellipse was offset and used to create a series of 4 spiraling slots to be cut out from each section. The thin bands of flexible polystyrene spiral their way through the structure, forcing a slight deformation and spacing between the sections. Pulling on the ends of one of the bands, forces a further deformation of the whole. The movement of each band produces slightly different global effects, making a simple physical parametric model.

special thanks to * Eno Henze, * Dennis Paul, and * Leander Herzog for the help with the script, and * Marius Watz for inviting me to be part of the workshop.

Processing script: * here

047 // formwork study _ global distortion

2008-02-27T20:27:00.007-05:00

A few more small scale studies of ellipse proportion in relationship to the spiraling bands that hold them together ....

The spiraling structure allows for each mold to be modified in a slightly different way, as the 'control points' (where the spiral banding intersects with the mold) are in different locations for each piece. If broken into sections, the spiral banding could be controlled with different variations and sequences allowing for very subtle global distortions to take place within the casted set of units.

(research) 048 // Pneumatics and compressed air

2008-02-27T21:53:00.007-05:00

I've been looking into pneumatics to be used as the actuation method for the FORM(work) project .... air pressure will allow me to work at various scales using the same technology ... from the small scale model to full scale responsive prototype

by Honus:

Air muscles (also known as a McKibben artificial muscle or braided pneumatic actuators) were originally developed by J.L. McKibben in the 1950's as an orthotic appliance for polio patients.

Here's how they work: The muscle consists of a rubber tube (bladder or core) that is surrounded by a tubular braided fiber mesh sleeve. When the bladder is inflated the mesh expands radially and contracts axially (since the mesh fibers are inextensible), shortening the overall length of the muscle and subsequently producing a pulling force.

Air muscles have performance characteristics very similar to human muscles- the force exerted decreases as the muscle contracts. This is due to the change in the interweave angle of the braided mesh as the muscle contracts- as the mesh expands radially in a scissors like motion it exerts less force due to the weave angle becoming increasingly shallow as the muscle contracts. Air muscles can contract up to 40% of their length, depending on the method and materials of their construction.

Gas law states that if you increase pressure you also increase the volume of an expandable cylinder (provided temperature is constant.) The expanding volume of the bladder is ultimately constrained by the physical properties of the braided mesh sleeve so in order to create a greater pulling force you need to be able to increase the effective volume of the bladder- the pulling force of the muscle is a function of the length and diameter of the muscle as well as its ability to contract due to the properties of the mesh sleeve (construction material, number of fibers, interweave angle) and bladder material.

some links:
instructables
big dog robot 1 (youtube)
big dog robot 2 (youtube)
festo
robotic drum machine
thesis: U maastrecht (pdf)
fischertechnik (pdf)
shadow biped
pneumatic robots (pdf)

049 // casting machine _ study (1) balance / imbalance

2008-02-28T22:38:00.020-05:00

.. a look at balanced and imbalanced spiral structures within various elliptical mold formations.... still observing and sketching ways to optimize variance within the system ....
The sketches below utilize some Rhinoscript posted by Marco Vanucci who is doing some great work shown on his * open Systems blog
I made some minor changes to show a subtle generative global effect that the pneumatic actuators may be able to perform on each mold layer within the spiraling system.... thanks Marco

050 // Generator X 2.0 exhibition moving to Torino

2008-02-29T16:23:00.018-05:00

news and update:
* Bruce Sterling, who attended the opening for the * Generator X 2.0 workshop in Berlin, is guest curating the * Piemonte Share Festival and has arranged for the * Beyond the Screen exhibit to be shown as part of the festival in Torino from March 11-16.

* Flickr Photostream

064 // Toward the Sentient City exhibition

2009-07-19T20:57:00.009-04:00

from Situated Technologies:
In September 2009, the Architectural League will present Toward the Sentient City, a major exhibition that will imagine alternative trajectories for how various mobile, embedded, networked, and distributed forms of media, information and communication systems might inform the architecture of urban space and/or influence our behavior within it.

The exhibition is part of the Situated Technologies research initiated in 2006 by Omar Khan, Trebor Scholz, and Mark Shepard. The symposium ignited a dialogue between researchers and practitioners from various fields that began to address the emerging role of 'situated' technologies in the design of the contemporary city. Since then, the discussion has continued within four (from a series of nine) pamphlets that examine various topics including pervasive media, mobile communication, ubiquitous computing, ambient informatics, and responsive environments.

see: http://sentientcity.net/

063 // Situated Technologies Pamphlet 4

2009-07-18T17:47:00.008-04:00

Situated Technologies Pamphlet 4:
Responsive Architecture /
Performing Instruments
Spring 2009

Philip Beesley and Omar Khan

A new generation of architecture that responds to building occupants and environmental factors has embraced distributed technical systems as a means and end for developing more mutually enriching relationships between people, the space they inhabit, and the environment. This pamphlet discusses key qualities of “responsive” architecture as a performing instrument that is both mutable and contestable.

http://www.situatedtechnologies.net/
http://www.lulu.com/content/7394439

065 // AS receives Special Mention in d3 Natural Systems

2009-07-30T09:32:00.001-04:00

Allotropic Systems research project on flexible soft molds was awarded a Special Mention for the Sustainable Product category in d3's Natural Systems competition.

The project is invited to partake in a d3 gallery exhibit tentatively scheduled for Fall 2009.
Thanks very much to d3 and the jury for their support and interest in the work.

for more info on the competition and on d3, see http://www.d3space.org/competitions/

066 // AS awarded runner up in AA | FAB 2009 Designing Fabrication

2009-08-21T19:03:00.001-04:00

Allotropic Systems was awarded a runner up of the interior section within the Architectural Association's AA | FAB 2009 Designing Fabrication competition.
The project is invited to London to be presented and exhibited at a forthcoming conference as part of the city's Design Festival week from 19-27 September.
Thanks to AA and to the jury for supporting the research.

please see this post for more a brief description of the project ...

from AA | FAB:

http://67.15.245.8/~aafab/

The FAB Research Cluster at the Architectural Association in London announces the results of the 2009 AA|FAB Awards. The Award theme was ‘Designing Fabrication’ and the jury was interested in recently built projects that exemplify the innovative integration of design and fabrication processes through digitally driven design systems and protocols, and whose completion contributes to an international discourse on the use of emerging design and fabrication technologies.

Entries were received from all over the world including the UK, Spain, Austria, US, Canada, Japan, China, Hong Kong, and Australia. Due to the uneven distribution of entries across the categories suggested in the brief, the jury decided to reorganise all submissions into either INTERIOR or EXTERIOR groups. Accordingly, it was agreed to reallocate the prize money into six awards, with a first prize of £1500 and two runners-up of £750 for each group.

The jury met on Thursday 11 June and was impressed by the extremely high standard and diversity of the submitted work. After four hours of deliberation they unanimously selected the following schemes for awards:

EXTERIOR SECTION

FIRST PRIZE: RE-PURPOSE POLITICAL PLY Jason Griffiths

RUNNER UP: THE MORNING LINE Matthew Ritchie with Aranda/Lasch and Daniel Bosia

RUNNER UP: MUSCULAR SYNERGY Josiah Barnes and Pablo Rica

INTERIOR SECTION

FIRST PRIZE: CEILING CLOUD Andrew Vrana, Joe Meppelink and Scott Marble

RUNNER UP: GREEN VOID Chris Bosse, Tobias Wallisser, Alexander Rieck, LAVA

RUNNER UP: ALLOTROPIC SYSTEM Nicholas Bruscia

The six award recipients will present their work at an AA|FAB conference during London Design Festival week from 19-27 September. More details on the winning projects will be posted in the couple of days. A further eighteen entries have been selected for exhibition in September as follows:

SELECTED FOR EXHIBITION

QUASI CABINET MINERAL FURNITURE	Ben Aranda / Aranda Lasch
TOY FURNITURE	Greg Lynn FORM
FORMED CORIAN	Greg Lynn FORM
FLUX	Andrew Kudless
GENDESIGN	Marcel Bilurbina Camps
DIGITAL ORIGAMI	Chris Bosse / LAVA
ARRAYED WALL	Ali Seghatoleslami
PARAMETRIC WOOD	Martin Tamke / CITA
BLADE	Tim Lucas / Price & Myers Geometrics
RED+HOUSING	Pablo Castro / OBRA Architects
GINGER V.0.6SS	Denis Vlieghe
COMPLEX CORRUGATION	Chad Carpenter
GLASS FABRIC	Alex Terzich / Front Inc.
ALUMINUM PROJECT	Yasuhiro Yamashita / Atelier Tekuto
FRAMELESS PAVILION	Andrea Marini
OPEN COLUMNS	Omar Khan
CALIFORNIA BAY HOUSE	Joshua Zabel / Kreysler & Assoc
AIRFRAME EXHIBITION STAND	Tim Lucas / Price & Myers Geometrics